Author: GaryMa WuBlockchain Vitalik Buterin has been frequently discussing a concept called “statelessness” in recent presentations at events like the Korea Blockchain Week, in Singapore, and even during the Ethereum All Core Developers Consensus Call (ACDE). This concept is closely tied to the idea of “state” and is accompanied by various related concepts, such as state expiry, history expiry (EIP-4444), Verkle trees, and even address space expansion/compression. This isn’t entirely new and aligns with Ethereum’s latest roadmap outlined by Vitalik in November of the previous year, which encompasses two critical pathways known as The Verge and The Purge. This article aims to provide insights into these two major pathways and explore some new challenges, helping us understand Vitalik’s vision for solving the state-related issues. State in Ethereum In Ethereum, “state” refers to a comprehensive ledger that includes all externally owned accounts (EOAs), their balances, deployed smart cont...
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